How Video Games Impact Emotional Expression - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2124 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Entertainment Essay Level High school Topics: Video Games Essay Did you like this example? Video game history began in October 1958, where a physicist by the name of William Higinbotham showcased a basic tennis game, similar to the 1975 hit Pong. And as with everything new to the world, video games almost immediately picked of negative criticism, also, that criticism seemed to only grow as video games progressed throughout the decades. In 1976, Death Race, the first contentious video game was released and was pulled off the shelf because its content was found unsuitable for play, the idea of a game based around vehicular homicide was something the world wasn’t ready for, thus it was pulled off of shelves.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Video Games Impact Emotional Expression?" essay for you Create order But the real controversy didn’t arrive until 1997 when a lawsuit was made for the parents of three victims of the Heath High School shooting of 1997. â€Å"Anti-video games activist and attorney Jack Thompson file the first of what are to be a large number of lawsuits claiming video games are responsible for violence perpetrated by teens.†(NCAC, 1997) It was this same argument and others like it that birthed the question of whether or not video games lead to violent behavior, and the notion was that they did. This idea of video games causing violence and thus, ultimately, being bad for you, carried on into my childhood where I was constantly told how bad and violent they were, inspiring me to conduct my own research on the topic. The vast majority of past research focuses on short-term effects of video games, which I will address, however, research dealing within the moment and longitudinal impacts are scarce. People shouldn’t be allowed to use video games as a scapegoat for who or what is at fault for causing violence in adolescence. My research will revolve around these will also taking a look at these impacts in the context of solo play and cooperative play. â€Å"General† Sources for Video Games and Expression Results were broad ranging for research that studies short-term impacts. A research report titled Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents (Salguero R. Moran R., 2002) holds results saying essentially that; excessive gaming, measured with PvP, can spur problems that eerily resemble a dependence syndrome. The method results within this remain similar to the majority of other research. According to Self-transcendence and Self-oriented Perspective as Mediators Between Video Game Playing and Aggressive Behaviour in Teenagers, there’s a definitive correlation between video game playing and aggressive/antisocial behavior. The (Espinosa P. and Clemente M., 2013) there is a direct effect of the amount of video game played on aggression, even when violent content is controlled, the results still emerge similarly. Griffiths (1999) took a more formal approach by allotting play time to subjects, during that they would play a genre of games and have their aggression monitored. This method could interfere with the accuracy of the results by putting the young subjects in such a mechanical process, a process that could very well make them uncomfortable in a way that inhibits their emotional expression. Another very similar study (Olson, Cheryl K., Kutner, Lawrence A., Baer, Lee, Beresin, Eugene V., Warner, Dorothy E., Nicholi II, and Armand M., 2009) looked into the link between violent video games and violent/delinquent behavior. The results showed that there is a noticeable link between M-rated video games and delinquent. The method used was monitoring and analyzing the behavior of the subject. This made me wonder if there are any benefits of violent video games. Similar experiments with similar result took place with Colburn (2010) but through the perspective of an idea known as the social learning theory. This study found that there is a noticeable correlation between video game play and teen aggression. The study also says that the development of hostile behavior/aggression will come playing multiple violent video game’s or playing on a regular basis. Colburn makes use of the method of social learning theory (SLT). A process based on behavioral analyzation. I wanted to know what other people saw as the issue with video games so I found an article, The Real Problem With Video Games (Schiesel, 2018) by Seth Schiesel, this article claims that video games causing violence isn’t an issue because there’s no real evidence connecting the two, as Schiesel said, â€Å"Decades of research, after all, have failed to find any significant relationship between playing violent video games and behaving violently in real life.† Schiesel then goes off to claim that the violence among youth spawns from creative writing educators seek to foster because the United States Secret Service and the Department of Education studied violence in schools, they found that 37 percent of attackers exhibited an interest in violence in their own writings, such as poems, essays, or journal entries, while only 12 percent exhibited an interest in violent video games. This claim seemed very brazen but it’s actually well supported. This new perspecti ve shies away from the traditional black and white view of video games either causing violence in youth or not. It opens up a middle ground of there being an outside catalyst and with this new middle ground supported by data, both sides could discuss it without having to have a mental clash over the role video games play in youth violence. Fact or Fiction?: Video Games Are the Future of Education is an article that presents multiple perspectives on the topic of video games. One such perspective is that of the teachers who wish to educate, supply new forms of learning and new concepts via video games. Some people even believe video games to be the new learning format of the future. Opposing views argue that video game skills cannot be translated into higher test scores or grades. I agree that the jump from video game high scores to high test scores doesnt seem all that plausible, however, it seems as though this argument is centered around the test scores and not the actual learning that gets done by the children, thus, depreciating the value of the arguers claim. Alternate Uses for Video Games In life most problems don’t have one solution, most of them can be solved with different approaches. Take for example depression, you can’t just pop a few pills and be cured, they may be effective but interacting with people, getting out the house more and, for many people, various personal ways. This article explores the impact of a video meant to target depression in teens and its other users as well. The video game was successful in its goal of lowering depression. Video games like this will revolutionize the gaming world and experience with their innovative ideas, ideas that utilize video games as alternate sources of interaction or, in this case, healing. The study, published in the latest issue of BMJ, has shown that the game was at least as effective as counseling in helping treat depression and anxiety in a study group of kids averaging 15 years old. According to the editor, â€Å"In fact, it worked better, reducing symptoms of depression more than treatment as usual.† (Medgadget, 2012) Sparx seems like a promising new way to combat depression. As a kid I never just played video games, to fully enjoy the game I had to submerge myself into that virtual reality, in that state, when I played, I felt as if I was the character completing the quests and missions, it was the only way for me to play the game. According to, the moderately liberal media source, The Atlantic’s article, The Good and the Bad of Escaping to Virtual Reality via Monica Kim, If virtual reality becomes a part of people’s day-to-day lives, more and more people may prefer to spend a majority of their time in virtual spaces. This can be beneficial, to an extent of course. Imagine you’re doing an essay on city life in China but the only resources you have at your disposal are articles and movies that you’ve watched, that wont make for a great essay because one, you’re reading from mainly the point of view of others and two, for the most part, you’re watching stereotypes. But here’s potential a solution, create a virtual reality video game in which the objectives are centered around exploring China, while you rack up achievements, you’ll be inadvertently learning about China in a way that doesn’t bore you and won’t fell hard to memorize. I can agree with the author that, this technological paradigm shift brings a level of immersion unlike any that has come before it, primarily because there has been no innovation like virtual reality until the arrival of virtual reality, cell phones, and the internet may allow you to connect to places around the world via communication, images, and research but VR will place you in the desired environment, enabling you to interact with foreign lands from the comfort of your own home. However, I don’t particularly agree that virtual reality can become integrated into the day-to-day lives of people or that they may prefer to spend a majority of their time in virtual spaces. One reason is that Kim claims that VR will absorb all the attention of everyone when that’s not the case. People are still human, we thrive on human interaction, so people will still interact with one another away from VR, while you could argue that people could simply interact via VR, yes that is possible but you can’t go to the park, play sports, go out to eat, the movies, or even walk to school together with VR, you have to take time away from it and people will. This is a unique and innovative way to use a video that involves zero violence. Cooperative v Solo Gaming My research also looks at gaming impacts but in the scope of cooperative gaming versus solo play. Ewoldsen, David R., Eno, Cassie A., Okdie, Bradley M., Velez, John A., Guadagno, Rosanna E., DeCoster, Jamie.’s article (2012) looks at the difference in behavioral impact co-op and PvP gaming. They concluded that playing video games co-op and PvP, neither yielded serious results as to negative emotional expression, gender wasn’t a significant factor. The method utilized was having 119 participants play Halo II and later have their behavior and behavioral shifts monitored. However, they don’t speak about emotional expression in terms of solo vs co-op. However, results yielded differently for Greitemeyer T. and Cox C. (2013), they arrived at the conclusion that co-op gaming leads to increased cohesion, causing more trust cooperative behavior. The method used 52 subjects that were paired up and assigned either a co-op game or a solo game and their scores and team behavior were monitored and logged. For me, this raised the question of whether or not co-op games lead to more emotional expression than solo. The results for Noah J. Adam, Sotaro Shimada, Atsumichi Tachibana, Bronner S. (2015) were more alternate than different, it held a few similarities. The results depicted that sympathetic tone changes during cooperative gameplay. The research determined that game playing with sympathetic tone often leads to higher scores, however, there were higher stress levels among players. Meanwhile, it was the opposite for solo players with somewhat lower scores but also less stressful. The method utilized was having two locations, an area where cooperation and teamwork were emphasized, and an environment where solo achievement was emphasized, both groups played â€Å"Tengen Tetris†, player scores (solo and co-op) were then logged and compared. This raises the question of whether solo or co-op gaming leads to heightened emotional expression. Video Games Studies with a Gender Component Most studies either neglected to take into account gender differences or stated that they were negligible. However, Adachi, Paul J.C., and Willoughby, Teena’s (2016) takes that into serious consideration. This article looks at the correlation between competition and adolescent aggression. Results showed there was a correlation between competitive game play and aggression. The method used was to take a roughly 50:50 male-to-female group and have them play competitive video games or compete in games, their behavior was then recorded. This raises the question of whether it was the competitive gaming or competition in general that caused the increase in aggression. I plan on using a mixed method of observation tally and interview questions. This topic is rarely researched and when it is, the researcher looks only to prove their current bias. But to ensure that my research doesnt follow a similar path I plan to base all my research off in the moment assessments of myself and others who play video games in participation with my experiment. Does playing video games actually lead to aggressive/delinquent behavior? More specifically, does video game content impact the type and how much emotion will be expressed?

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - 1016 Words

Non-Small cell lung cancer is one of two major cancers that affect smokers and nonsmokers. About 85% of lung cancers are non-small cancers, and at least 80% of that comes from smoking (American Cancer Society). In the United States, lung cancer is the second cancer most frequently diagnosed in both men and women and remains the major cause of cancer-related death.(Jan A. Burger, 2012). It mostly affects group ages from little as 6 to old as 60+. The factors that lead people to get this cancer of the lungs is by tobacco smoke which the biggest risk factor (Tobacco smoke also contains a large amount of free radical oxygen that can cause oxidation of the DNA nucleobase guanine to form 8-oxoguanine resulting in G to T substitutions and gene†¦show more content†¦Cigarette smoke is harmful and it contains over 60 known carcinogens particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines. Cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolically activate these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons an d nitrosamines, which can then bind to DNA leading to DNA adducts.(Br Med Bull (2010). These carcinogens are main reasons that a person who smokes a lot of cigarette is likely to get lung cancer, or that person may not cancer at all. Genetic studies have identified a nicotine dependence locus on chromosome 15q24-25, which includes the ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ±5-ÃŽ ±3-ÃŽ ²4 nicotinic receptor gene cluster. A polymorphism, which alters an amino acid in the ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ±5 nicotinic receptor subunit, also influences the risk for lung cancer, COPD and vascular disease (Br Med Bull (2010)). Chronic inflammation predispose of lung cancer. Chronic lung inflammation predisposes to lung cancer. There is a 4–5 times greater risk for developing lung cancer among those with COPD independent of age or smoking history (Lee G 2009). Even among non-smokers, the presence of emphysema on CT scan or a history of COPD is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer (Yang P, Sun Z, Krowka MJ, 2008) Chronic persistent inflammation may also cause the usually quiescent bronchoalveolar stem cells

If You Were a Newspaper Publisher in a Local Community free essay sample

Newspaper is the most trusted information source that been used to deliver updated information to the whole people in the world. The newspaper industry dwarfs others media by almost every its operation and procedure. Newspaper, as we know, it issued by daily and weekly, consists with folded sheets containing news, advertisement, correspondence and feature articles. Deliver people a lot of information such as what was happened yesterday will be issued in the newspaper tomorrow.Feature articles may contain tremendous issues such as earthquakes, floods, wars, death of very an important person and many more. News are also may deliver via other mass medium such as television and radio. Perhaps they may stolen the glitz and romance of the newspaper once had, which people may miss about how much important is the newspaper. Unfortunately, newspaper is a large industry that occurs in every measure and even facing in crisis enough whereby readers among youngsters are hard to find like to read newspapers. According Thomas Jefferson, the Third American United States President, said that â€Å" were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. But I should mean that every man should receive those papers and be capable†. He displays that how much important is newspaper in daily life, which people are started to miss its significance.In most community, newspapers covers more news at greater depth in competing other media. A metropolitan daily, such as The News Strait Times, Utusan Malaysia, and The Star typically convey more news and more than television and radio’s news. Currently, as publishers, journalists, reporters and other positions that involved in newspaper industry, are facing a big question.For example in our country, in this era of globalization, we can see that young people are tend to avoid reading newspaper and this shows that the young people are dislike to read newspaper, obviously, when we see in the morning, most of customer’s of newspapers are consist by working people in the age of 35 years old and above and it seen as gloominess in publisher’s view. Questions are turn up in all the newspapers publisher’s organization. In this essay, I would like to d iscuss more about why do young people dislike to read newspaper, how to attract youngsters to read newspaper and should the newspaper writing style as to be simplified in order to be more accessible to young people. In my mind, if I were a publisher, the questions that almost appear, are newspapers dead? Does the youngsters have no interest in reading news in print? These questions generate many debates among media experts. In this view, newspaper needs people to read. In our sophisticated millennium generation, there are plenty of people that don’t know how to read. We go to school and we do learn reading. Reading habit is the basic of education and there are variety types of stories in reading interest.Mythologies of young people as readers in general and stereotypical too, viewed by Gavin Rheeder, the Manager of marketing communication of Beeld, perpetuates five myths of Afrikaans which are young people are in the homogenous group, young people don’t like to read, young people prefer more soft news and they prefer slang language than proper language. Research about the newspaper readers tells that it comes in all categories of ages, no matter old, middle ages and young which in grabbing higher percentage of newspaper readers are old people in majority. Youngsters knowledgeable as a group that has more interest on entertainment such as celebrities, movies and other leisure, likely more to social lifestyle. Obviously, newspaper is not dead in old generation, unfortunately, young people dislikes to read newspaper due of their interest in leisure and enjoyment. In the other side, young people are inspected that they have a high interest in reading comics such as Dragon Ball, Doraemon, novels such as romance and love types, fiction and imaginaries- Harry Potter as an example, gains trillions profits and royalties in print media which attract the youngsters to read the novels, consisting series.Twilight as other example, are also publishing the novels in series, after it comes out with a movie. Magazines as well captivate young people increasingly and it highlighted the updates of fashions, lifestyle and most of it are the stories and gossips among celebrities. Youngsters are tends to idol their favorite celebrities as their icons. Newsp aper, as well too, do appear the section of entertainment, but the problem is, young people gravitate towards entertainment pages only. Often happened, young people are observed, they hold the newspapers and despite reading important and educational articles, they read gossips and celebrities news. Nevertheless, young people gain less other part of educational information. For instances, lake in science and economical knowledge and in results, youngsters obtain imbalance information and have minor knowledge. In order to improve the number of readers among young people to read newspaper, tips and tricks has to think due to solve the problem.For me, as a publisher of newspaper, we should arise more attracting and interesting issues. For example, publishing newspaper in university, we should take note the student’s interest and deliver educational information that comes along with their interests such as discuss the problem that has faced by student and instructing a section for student give their feedbacks and responses of any future and highlight news so that they can speak out what they want and their curiosit y. Words of the day, thoughts, quotes and phrases are also may magnetize student’s attention. Advertisement such as printing, books and shops are also needed in order to give and provide tips and facile student to search what they need. In addition, by put some funny comics or something character of cartoons may also alluring readers attention and give some relaxation before the readers keep on reading the news. For an example, newspaper such as Kosmo, today, captured student interests and diversions. This show that student are attracted with its contents where they can send and give their responses, critics and praises.In the other side, arising the question that involving the credibility of newspaper should publisher simplified its writing style. As for me, newspaper should not simplify its writing style. Writing style is the credibility of newspaper that we can’t interrogate. Discussing about credibility of newspaper, western media would call our county’s mainstream media with labels such as pro-government, docile and others. But it is not about being docile, where in our country as well, we have to obey the rule and regulation.According Lee Kuan Yew, ex-president of Singapore said that, â€Å" freedom of the press, freedom of the news media, must be subordinated to the overriding need of integrity of Singapore, and to the primacy of purpose of an elected government. Singapore wants mass media to reinforce, not to undermine, the cultural values and social attitudes being inculcated in schools and universities. â€Å" This shows that we, as publisher, should count up with some other sensitive issues that shouldn’t been discuss in newspaper such as culture, religions and races issues.Malaysia is country that practiced democracy and consist variety types of races and religions, such as Chinese, Malay, Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Indian and many more. Press may be separate and being independent of the government but, circumstances has to be count due to prevent unexpected feedbacks from readers will happen. Simplify writing style such as changing proper English to slang English should not occur in the newspaper. It may decay the pride and credibility of newspaper. For instance, the word of want to change to wanna.Newspaper known as a formal reading item which the readers are come from many stages of people. King, Sultan, Prime Minister and other ministers do read newspaper. In other words, changing writing style of newspaper should not exist in order to protect the credibility of newspaper. Young people may see newspaper as a gloom and dull reading utilities, and to fix this perception, it is significant to us as the publisher to tell readers that newspaper is a vehicle in cater and deliver useful information to all people in this world. Newspaper in other words, is a reading item that brings us information and knows what happen in other country. War in Afghanistan for instance, newspaper comes out the articles and discuss by the gurus all over the world. Nevertheless, newspaper function as the medium that connect all people in this wide world to give support and decline for any bad temptation that had exist and happened on earth. Latest news, earthquake that just happened in Philippines drag public to know more about it, and as we can see, newspapers put this natural disaster as the main article.In conclusion, people needs newspaper in order to update news and in addition, it is the cheapest mass medium that can be own every people, no matter he or she is rich or poor. Newspaper definitely act as truthful information source and being fair to people. Proved by Herbert Bayard Swope, an American Journalist and Editor said that,† the first duty of a newspaper is to be accurate. If it be accurate, it follows that is fair â€Å" World is seems half empty without newspaper.

Taxation free essay sample

The issue here is, can the Bureau of Internal Revenue collect the full amount of estate tax from an inheritance? era vs. Fernandez, 89 SCRA 199 The Bureau of Internal Revenue filed a mouon for allowance of claim and payment of taxes on the estate tax deficiencies in 1963 and 1964 in the intestate proceedings of Luis Tongoy. The administrator claims that It was already barred by the statute of limitation, section 2 and section 5 of rule 86 of the rules of court, which provides that all claims for money against the decedent, arising from contracts, express or Implied, whether the same be due, not due, or contingent, all claims for funeral expenses and xpenses for the last sickness of the decedent, and judgment for money against the decedent, must be filed within the time limited in the notice; otherwise they are barred forever. The Issue here Is, can the statute of non-claims of the Rules of Court bar the claim of the government for unpaid taxes? Sison vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ancheta, 130 SCRA 654 Section 1 of BP Blg 135 amended the tax code and petitioner Antero M. Sison, as taxpayer, alleges that, he would be unduly discriminated against by the imposition of higher rates of tax upon his Income arising from the exercise of his profession vis- OF2 a-vls tnose wnlcn are Imposed upon Tlxea Income or salarlea lnOlvlOual taxpayers. He characterizes the above section as arbitrary amounting to class legislation, oppressive and capricious in character. In this case, there is a transgression of both the equal protection and due process clauses of the constitution as well as of the rule requiring uniformity in taxation. Pepsi vs. Municipality of Tanauan, 69 SCRA 460 Plaintiff-appellant Pepsi-Cola commenced a complaint with preliminary injunction to declare Section 2 of Republic Act No. 2264, otherwise known as the Local Autonomy Act, unconstitutional as an undue delegation of taxing authority as well as to declare Ordinances Nos. 23 and 27 denominated as municipal production tax of the Municipality of Tanauan, Leyte, null and void. Ordinance 23 levies and collects from soft drinks producers and manufacturers a tax of one-sixteenth of a centavo for every bottle of soft drink corked, and Ordinance 27 levies and collects on soft drinks produced or manufactured within the territorial Jurisdiction of this municipality a tax of one centavo on each gallon of volume capacity. Aside from the undue delegation of uthority, appellant contends that it allows double taxation, and that the subject ordinances are void for they impose percentage or specific tax. Pascual vs. Public Works, 110 Phil. 331 Governor Wenceslao Pascual of Rizal instituted this action for declaratory relief, with injunction, upon the ground that RA No. 920, which apropriates funds for public works particularly for the construction and improvement of Pasig feeder road terminals. Some of the feeder roads, however, as alleged and as contained in the tracings attached to the petition, were nothing but projected and planned ubdivision roads, not yet constructed within the Antonio Subdivision, belonging to private respondent Zulueta, situated at Pasig, Rizal; and which projected feeder roads do not connect any government property or any important premises to the main highway. The respondents contention is that there is public purpose because people living in the subdivision will directly be benefitted from the construction of the roads, and the government also gains from the donation of the land supposed to be occupied by the streets, made by its owner to the government.